North of the 38th

Trenches, bunkers and that to protect you from mortars and SP fire and stuff like that. They became very elaborate, and that. We could not use any of the trenches that they had dug because they were too small. The bunkers and that, I mean, they, they were like moles, I mean, they thought nothing of digging 400 feet back into a hill. Just a small opening with an occasional, an occasional opening larger, like a small room and stuff like that. You know, they, they were very, very big diggers, and that.

Interviewer: So the fortifications that you men would construct would be dug outs, large rooms?

Yeah, well, not large. Probably a dug out would be from here, enough where you could sleep a section, half a section at a time cause it was always a half a section on, and that, ten or eleven men. So it was always half and half on guard, half on stand-to, half on sleeping.

Interviewer: What would the roof be constructed out of?

Usually out of timbers, cut down trees, and, and then, sand bags, if you could get them, and, and dirt.

Interviewer: Were these fortification lines normally on high ground?

Oh yes.

Interviewer: And the valleys in below would be No-man's-land?

That's correct. Usually, you were, you would try to place your trenches on the forward slope looking down and then you'd have a, a, a trench, a communication trench going back and your dug out or bunker, as such, would be on the back slope to protect you from artillery fire and that.

Interviewer: And at the same time, your artillery would be on the backward slope of that hill as well, or on the far side.

Oh no, they'd be way back further. They'd, they were usually five miles back, or so.

Interviewer: The tanks that you would have forward, would they be...

Some of the tanks, sometimes, yes, they'd dig them in, in a hull-down position just at the top of the slope so that they had a field of fire for their, for their heavy guns and their machine guns.